Influence of Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ Nanoparticle-Enriched Waste Cooking Oil Blends on Performance and Emissions of a CI Engine

The increasing need for green fuels, requires the use of waste based biodiesels with improved fuel properties. The present research work examine the impact of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles on a single cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine operating with waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. The nanoparticles, in different concentrations, were mixed in biodiesel and stirred into the biodiesel via ultrasound to reach homogeneity and stability. Engine runs were performed with varying load conditions for BTE, BSFC, NOx, CO, HC, and smoke opacity. The results reveal that the combustion efficiency is enhanced upon addition of nanoparticles to the biodiesel blends, which also enhances the BTE while slightly
decreasing the BSFC. Significantly the CO and HC emissions decreased, whereas the NOx emission slightly increased. At 25% full load, the highest braking thermal efficiency for B20 was attained by adding 70 ppm of aluminum oxide nanoparticles along with 10% exhaust gas recirculation. The braking specific fuel consumption of the nanoparticles is decreased when an aluminum oxide concentration of 70 parts per million is used with 10% exhaust gas recirculation
and 25% at full load. Hydrocarbon and nitrous oxide emissions were decreased at 25% full load by adding 60 ppm of cerium oxide nanoparticles along with 10% exhaust gas recirculation.0.06 ppm of hydrocarbons and 4 ppm of nox are released. The study concludes that Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ additives can effectively enhance biodiesel performance, supporting their potential in cleaner diesel engine applications.