Ecosynthesis of copper and nickel oxide nanoparticles from Aegle marmelos extract: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hemolytic activity evaluation

In this study, we report the synthesis of CuO and NiO nanoparticles using an extract from Aegle marmelos leaves. The formation of these nanoparticles was verified through various techniques, including XRD, UV-DRS, FT-IR, HR-SEM and HR-TEM. The XRD analysis indicated that the CuO nanoparticles had a monoclinic structure, while the NiO nanoparticles exhibited a cubic structure. Both HR-SEM and HR-TEM analyses confirmed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with average diameters of 22.36 nm for CuO and 16.73 nm for NiO. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa. The antioxidant and hemolytic activities of the CuO and NiO nanoparticles were also assessed.