A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Potential of Phytomedicine for the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer remains a pervasive global health concern demanding comprehensive understanding and innovative management approaches. This review encompasses an extensive examination of breast cancer's histological and molecular classification, delving into its intricate pathophysiology and associated risk factors. Within this scope, we delineate non-modifiable factors, including genetic predisposition, hormonal influences, lifestyle, and environmental determinants, alongside modifiable risk elements. Critical signaling pathways implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis are dissected, elucidating their pivotal roles in disease progression. Additionally, a detailed analysis of 37 bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potential in breast cancer management is provided. Furthermore, the review comprehensively discusses medicinal plants renowned for their preventive properties against breast cancer. This review underscores the promising prospects of bioactive compounds and medicinal plants in both prevention and treatment strategies for breast cancer. The intricate molecular pathways and diverse array of natural compounds and medicinal plants elucidated herein offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, this review consolidates comprehensive insights into breast cancer, emphasizing the potential therapeutic impact of bioactive compounds and medicinal plants. Future studies must uncover precise molecular mechanisms, conduct strong clinical trials, and use advanced technologies to create effective treatments, ultimately lessening the burden of this challenging disease.
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