Hybrid optimal parent selection based energy efficient routing protocol for Low-Power and lossy networks (RPL) routing

A single-composite measure with a multi-objective optimization technique for parent selection is provided by the researchers in Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL). However, selecting the wrong parent causes packet losses, congestion on network nodes, higher energy consumption, and longer convergence times. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes an energy-efficient RPL routing with a hybrid optimal parent selection model. Initially, the optimal parent selection stage is performed based on multi-objectives like trust, delay, energy, link quality (LQ), and distance. For this optimal parent selection, a novel hybrid optimization method called Dwarf Mongoose aided Shuffle Shepherd Optimization (DM-SSO) is proposed. Then, an improved coverage-based dynamic trickle technique is developed for energy-efficient Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) construction. Then, the path with the shortest distance between the source and destination is considered for routing. Finally, the performance of the proposed DM-SSO model is evaluated over existing models. The proposed DM-SSO model acquired the highest energy of 1.16, while the conventional techniques acquired the lowest energy such as FF = 0.74, MFO-RPL = 0.79, ACOR = 0.84, BMO = 0.76, SSA = 0.82, SMA = 0.85 and MRFO = 0.73, respectively.