Antimicrobial activities of novel substituted spiropyrrolidine based heterocycles synthesized by multicomponent reaction against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents has intensified the need for novel strategies to combat bacterial infections, particularly those associated with biofilm formation. Biofilms enhance bacterial resilience against hostile environments, immune responses, and antimicrobial treatments. The ability of biofilms to influence bacterial pathogenesis underscores the critical need for new antibacterial agents with anti-biofilm activity. This research aims to synthesize cost-effective, structurally diverse, chemical compounds with the biological significance of disrupting biofilm formation. Here, we report a facile sequential reaction for one-pot, four-component synthesis of spiropyrrolidine heterocycles with 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide. The multicomponent reaction (MCR) provides high yield and regioselectivity of the desired product, under mild reaction conditions. Preliminary screening for these novel compounds involves biofilm assays, which assess the developmental processes of biofilms, providing insights into the compounds' biological potential. Subsequent in vitro experiments assessed their antibacterial potential against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. A cell culture assay evaluated toxicity of these compounds in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. All these investigations cumulatively highlight the potential of these molecules as antibacterial agents for B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa.