Simultaneous Application of Biosurfactant and Bioaugmentation with Rhamnolipid-Producing Shewanella for Enhanced Bioremediation of Oil-Polluted Soil

Simultaneous Application of Biosurfactant and Bioaugmentation with Rhamnolipid-Producing Shewanella for Enhanced Bioremediation of Oil-Polluted Soil Manoharan Joe Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, VELS University, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3740-4239 Ram Gomathi Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, VELS University, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India Abitha Benson Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, VELS University, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India Devaraj Shalini Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, VELS University, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India Parthasarathi Rengasamy Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India Allen Henry Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, VELS University, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India Jaak Truu Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1818-6678 Marika Truu Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia Tongmin Sa Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-5852

In the present study, a combined treatment strategy involving the addition of rhamnolipid, rhamnolipid-producing bacteria (Shewanella sp. BS4) and a native soil microbial community for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil under pilot-scale conditions was adopted. The isolate BS4 (rhl+), demonstrating the highest emulsification activity and surface tension reduction efficiency, was identified based on 16 S rDNA sequencing as Shewanella sp. strain. Growth conditions for rhamnolipid production were optimized based on Central Composite Design (CCD) as 2.9% crude oil, a 54 × 106 CFU g−1 inoculation load of soil, a temperature of 30.5 °C, and a pH of 6.7. In situ bioremediation experiments, conducted using hydrocarbon-contaminated soil treated with the combination of rhamnolipid and rhamnolipid-producing bacteria, showed that the inoculated Shewanella sp. BS4, along with the indigenous soil microbial community, supported the highest hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial population and soil respiration activity, and this treatment resulted in 75.8% hydrocarbon removal efficiency, which was higher compared to contaminated soil devoid of any treatment.
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