An impact of sea sponge-derived hard carbon with the symbiosis of sodium ion battery and biomedical applications

Background: Sodium is pervasive and enormous compared to that of lithium. SIBs have turned out to be factual
competitors to LIBs besides storage purposes, the power battery technology intended for electric vehicle trans-
port. The choice of selecting SIBs is effective due to their alluring properties of biomaterials for synthesizing
electrode materials. Hard carbon, (HC) owing to its amorphous and highly porous nature of the material leads to
the intercalation/deintercalation of sodium ions.
Methods: In this work, the sea sponge (SS) was carbonized by the chemical-activating pyrolysis method. The as-
prepared HCs using different chemical activating agents (KOH, NaOH, ZnCl2) reveals the diversified sodium-ion
storage behaviors.
Significant findings: SS attained a charge capacity of 347.39 mAh g 1 at a 0.1 C rate. The half maximal (IC50) of
sea sponge-derived hard carbon was found to be 11.5, 11.4, 10.7 μg/mL against breast cancer cells (MDA MB -
231). The present work communally addressed the potential anode material and effective cancerous activity of
sea sponge-derived hard carbon materia