A review on the production of metal matrix composites through stir casting – Furnace design, properties, challenges, and research opportunities

Stir casting is one of the most suitable processes for producing Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) because of its simplicity, proven process, lower cost of production and mass production capability. This paper reviews all the significant attributes of stir casting process such as furnace design, properties of the composites, challenges in the production of the composites as well as the potential research opportunities in the production of composites. We have also provided recommendations for the furnace design, selection of matrix and reinforcement materials as well as process parameters and additives, which makes the review novel. In order to provide a background for any reader interested in the production processes for MMCs, we have also discussed the various approaches in the introductory section briefly. Based on the critical assessment of the literature, especially the mechanical properties of the produced MMCs, a bottom tapping stir casting furnace, preferably with electromagnetic and ultrasonic stirrer along with squeeze attachment is recommended for the production of MMCs.