Investigation of the environmental implications of using cerium oxide nano-additives in gasoline engines fueled with gasoline-oxyhydrogen

This research aims to study the impact of incorporating cerium oxide nanoparticles into gasoline, along with oxyhydrogen injection. The engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics were analyzed in this study. The addition of nano-additives and oxyhydrogen has been found to enhance combustion characteristics by increasing the thermo-physical properties of the fuel. Cerium oxide at 25 ppm and 50 ppm enhances the engine’s thermal efficiency by 6.9–10.2% and 12–18.1%, respectively, and significantly reduces fuel consumption by 3.3–18.8% and 13.3–18.7%, respectively, compared to base gasoline on a volumetric scale. Furthermore, cerium oxide at 25 ppm and 50 ppm has been shown to potentially reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 6–11% and 8.3–15.1%, respectively, and hydrocarbon emissions by 11–22% and 12.6–23%, respectively. The Response Surface Methodology indicates that a minimum fuel consumption of 0.3937 kg/kWh is achieved by utilizing a gasoline blend with a 50 ppm concentration of cerium oxide and an engine load of 2.2 kW. This combination leads to a significant decrease in emissions, producing 252.798 ppm of hydrocarbons and 2.9738 vol% of carbon monoxide.