Study of bio‐fabrication of iron nanoparticles and their fungicidal property against phytopathogens of apple orchards

Current research trends on iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are extensively focused because of their unique magnetic andelectrical properties mostly applicable in essential medical devices. However, their fungicidal property against plant pathogens isvery less known until date. Present study demonstrates a green technique for blending of FeNPs by utilising aqueous extract ofneem leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) as reducing agent. Various characterisation techniques such as ultraviolet (UV)–visiblespectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed for FeNPs. The authors’ results demonstrate the more cluster formation of FeNPs with sizedistribution of 20–80 nm. The bio-fabricated FeNPs showed enhanced biocidal activity against economically importantphytopathogens of apple such as Alternaria mali, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diplodia seriata. From the obtained results, itcan be suggested that further delve into green synthesis of FeNPs can address future biotechnology concerns to limit thesynthesis of FeNPs by conventional methods. Furthermore, the field study on pathogenic fungi can be an effective step to verifytheir agricultural applications.