Fabrication of ternary Ni-TiO2-TiC composite coatings and their enhanced microhardness for metal finishing application

Nickel (Ni) is extensively used for major engineering application. But nickel exhibits lower mechanical properties such as hardness and wear resistance than Ni-based composite materials. So, in this work, we significantly improve the mechanical properties of Ni by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) and titanium carbide (TiC) particles. Ni-TiO2-TiC composite coatings are successfully prepared on mild steel specimens by means of electrodeposition technique. The prepared coatings are characterized by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Vicker’s hardness tester. The surface morphological analysis points out the growth of cauliflower morphology and pyramid-like structure decorated with spherical particles at room temperature. Likewise, hill-valley like structure has been formed in the electrolyte temperature of 75 °C. The upshot of electrolyte temperature and concentration of TiO2-TiC particles on the microhardness of the composite deposits is investigated. The microhardness value is superior when the higher quantity of TiO2-TiC particles encapsulated in the coatings.