Role of Nitrogen Fixers as Biofertilizers in Future Perspective: A Review

Diazotrophs are nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that are capable for biotransformation of nitrates and nitrites
into ammonia, which are directly used by plants. Nitrogenase enzyme is useful in Nitrogen fixation and they are
used as potential biofertilizers to provide the growth and nutrition supply for plants. Various microorganisms are
involved in nitrogen fixation and responsible genes of various diazotrophs were analyzed. The results reveal the
most efficient gene sequences for nitrogen fixation and provide a homologous similarity between those
microorganisms. The study relates the potential Nif gene transfer in various microorganisms. More research is
needed to focus on the more effective alternatives for biofertilizers and development of genetically modified
diazotrophs to enhance the future demands.