Experimental investigation of advanced nano materials additives on combustion characteristics of biofuels

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, renewable and cleaner fuel is now required for diesel engines. The researchers are looking into different kinds of bio-based fuels. It is anticipated that biodiesel will compete with diesel fuel. Pure biodiesel can be used in diesel engines, but due to some drawbacks, including higher density, a lower cetane number, and a lower calorific value, it cannot completely replace conventional diesel. As a result, using biofuel blends in diesel engines is preferred. The role of nanoparticles in biofuel production and the impact of nanoparticles in biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on diesel engine performance, combustion analysis, and emission characteristics are covered in this paper in two different ways. This review study compiles a wide range of findings from earlier research studies on the potential and applications of nanoparticles in the production of bioethanol as well as the impact of their addition to diesel fuel at various biofuel ratios. There are numerous techniques for improving engine performance. Nanoparticles can be used as catalysts in chemical reactions and feedstock pretreatment processes to produce biofuels. According to the overall findings, adding nanoparticles significantly reduced the amount of fuel used for brakes by 20% to 23% when compared to biodiesel-diesel blends with and without the addition of alcohol. In addition to improving the combustion process and boosting the brake power by 2.5% to 4%, nanoparticles have a high thermal conductivity. Emission results revealed that while HC, CO, and PM emissions all significantly decreased in most reviews, NO emissions increased by up to 55%. According to the study's findings, adding nanoparticles to biodiesel and its blends as fuel can make diesel engines run more efficiently, deliver better performance, and produce emissions that are effectively regulated.