The Data Consensus Algorithm for Smart City Applications Using Blockchain Technology in Industrial IoT: Challenges and Opportunities

Solid waste management that impacts the health and environment of our society is a key environmental concern. One of the key issues of the current era is waste detection, tracking, and management. The smart waste monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is being developed by this project. Using the mobile phone and blynk apps, the level of waste inside the trash can be monitored, which plays a major role in the work. The level of waste inside the garbage can be monitored by smart trash and it notifies the cleaner once the trash is fully loaded. The status of the waste bin is displayed to the user using the light crystal display (LCD) screen. The internal waste distance can be detected by the main sensor such as the ultrasonic sensor. Status information can be sent to the smartphone with the help of ESP8266 which acts as a Wi-Fi module. Finally, the Blynk application notifies the cleaner when the information comes from the bin. The mastermind of this task is the microcontroller, Arduino Uno. When blynk sends the notification to the smartphone, the waste status may be displayed on the LCD screen that displays the resulting output. The result is made up of three different ranges of measures such as 0%, 50%, and 100%. The 0% result indicates that the distance between the waste and the ultrasonic sensor has to be greater than 10 cm. The 50% result means that the distance between the waste and the ultrasonic sensor must be greater than 5 cm or equal to 5 cm but less than 10 cm. Thus, the 100% result indicates that the waste distance for the ultrasound sensor has to be less than 5 cm.

To address this problematic situation industry, with the help of IoT and blockchain technology, the Garbage monitor system is designed and implemented in Industrial IoT (IIoT). The proposed system uses multiple dustbins that are located all over the city or the campus that is provided with low-budget devices that tracks the condition of the dustbin. To identify the bin that is fully loaded and requires clearing immediately, each bin is provided with a unique identification. The details are sent to the administrator when the tray is full. The proposed system helps to minimize route collection and fuel rate by the ability to answer and update the status of a specific bin in real-time. As a result, we can build a healthy and clean environment.