Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound
subpopulation of extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma
membrane. The main activity of exosomes is cellular communication. In cancer, exosomes play an important rolefrom two distinct
perspectives, one related to carcinogenesis and the other as
theragnostic and drug delivery tools. The outer phospholipid
membrane of Exosome improves drug targeting efficiency. . Some
of the vital features of exosomes such as biocompatibility, low
toxicity, and low immunogenicity make it a more exciting drug
delivery system. Exosome-based drug delivery is a new innovative
approach to cancer treatment. Exosome-associated biomarker
analysis heralded a new era of cancer diagnostics in a more specific way. This Review focuses on exosome biogenesis, sources, isolation, interrelationship with cancer and exosome-related cancer biomarkers, drug loading methods, exosome-based biomolecule delivery, advances and limitations of exosome-based drug delivery, and exosome-based drug delivery in clinical settings studies. The exosome-based understanding of cancer will change the diagnostic
and therapeutic approach in the future.