Recent advances in catalyst-enhanced luminol chemiluminescence system and its environmental and chemical applications

Analyzing and measuring different macromolecules demands the use of chemiluminescence (CL) techniques. Several CL agents are available, with different degrees of biological sensitivity and use, such luminol, hydrogen peroxide, and oxalate derivatives. The article reviews the use of luminol chemiluminescence for environmental, chemical, and biological analytes. Even though chemiluminescent sensors have been investigated for more than 50 years, significant advances have been made in this area in the last 20 years, increasing their sensitivity. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of luminol, a comprehensive CL is dependent on a variety of parameters. Despite a considerable amount of study in this area, the remains a major demand for a sensitive and selective CL based sensing system for analytes. Sensitivity in these CL investigations necessitates a careful consideration of the optimal catalyst choices. Over the past 20 years, the catalysts for CL reactions have developed above conventional catalyst and now include bio-based catalyst and metal nanoparticles. This catalyst may offer enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and stability through taking advantage of their large surface area. Furthermore, it can expand the scope of applications and provide unique perspective on the reaction mechanism. With regards, to different chemical and environmental scientific investigations, and the sensing mechanisms of luminol CL with different catalytic systems, we have collected such a thorough overview of conventional catalysts, metal-based nano catalysts, and biobased catalysts in this review.