A review on invasive species in marine biofouling

Biofouling has become worldwide threat in the recent years. Scientists’ researching on biofouling is on peak
aboard. There are organisms which colonize the underwater surfaces of ships such as spores of algae, barnacles,
seaweeds, etc. which uses manifold array of biological glues to provide adhesion which is the result of
biofouling. Invasive species hold world threat because of ships that introduce them the foreign environment
through ballast waters and ship hulls. Sea trade expansion lead broad pathway for invasive species and promoted
devastation of other native species. The ships struck with biofouling which travel over long distances, raises the
content of CO2 release to 14-31%. This increases the concentration of greenhouse gases which make invasive
species deplete and finally vanish away. Invasive plant species are the key initiators of global change. Certain
chemicals and protein coatings have come into light to resist the adhesion of various biofouling species. This
review focuses on various effects of invasive species in marine biofouling and the eco-friendly ways to eradicate