Assessment of Bacterial Isolates from the Urine Specimens of Urinary Tract Infected Patient

Assessment of Bacterial Isolates from the Urine Specimens of Urinary Tract Infected Patient Chennu M. M. Prasada Rao Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Raffles University, Neemrana, Rajasthan 301020, India T. Vennila Department of Chemistry, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602109, India Sreya Kosanam Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India P. Ponsudha Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600066, India K. Suriyakrishnaan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636005, India Abdullah A. Alarfaj Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia S. R. Sundaram Department of Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA P. A. Surendhar Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nagarajan Selvam Department of Computer Science, Ambo University, Ethiopia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-0104 Ramya Kuppusamy

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) maintained a serious public health concern, as did the growth in antibiotic resistance both between uropathogenic microorganisms. A regular assessment of the microbiological agents that cause UTIs, as well as their antimicrobial resistance, is essential for a tailored empirical antibiotic response. Knowing the variables that cause UTIs can help you intervene quickly and simply to get the condition under control. The most common infecting species in acute infection is Escherichia coli (E. coli). To strengthen infection control strategies, it is necessary to know the prevalence and location of UTI. The goal of this research is to measure the frequency of microorganisms isolated from patients with UTIs as well as the antimicrobial sensitivity characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this research has been to evaluate the frequency of UTIs by extracting and characterizing the various bacterial etiological organisms, as well as to assess the factors linked to UTIs. The goal of this research is to identify, characterize, and establish the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria linked to urinary tract infections. Fresh collected urine specimen was taken from inpatients or outpatients in UTI cases and bacteriologically tested using conventional microbiological methods. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to create the antibiogram. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus (28%), and Escherichia coli (24.6%) were the most common isolates (20%). The evaluated agents’ antibacterial activity was all in the following order: cefixime, ciprofloxacin, augmentin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, and cefuroxime. It was discovered that each and every one of the microbes exhibited varied degrees of resistance to the antibiotics nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Every type of bacteria, with the exception of those belonging to the genus Streptococcus, has a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) that is more than 0.2. The first-line therapies for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the region would consist of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. Lower urinary tract infections almost never result in problems if they are diagnosed and treated as soon as possible and in the correct manner. However, if treatment is not sought, a urinary tract infection can lead to serious complications.
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