Shrinkage Study and Strength Aspects of Concrete with Foundry Sand and Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement for Coarse and Fine Aggregate

Shrinkage Study and Strength Aspects of Concrete with Foundry Sand and Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement for Coarse and Fine Aggregate Kalyana Chakravarthy Polichetty Raja Department of Civil Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai 600117, India Ilango Thaniarasu Department of Civil Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai 600117, India Mohamed Abdelghany Elkotb Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Sakha Road, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-5225 Khalid Ansari Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineeeing, Nagpur 441110, India http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4054-6502 C Ahamed Saleel Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-4371

The demand for natural aggregates (river sand) is increasing day by day, leading to the destruction of the environment, a burden that will be passed on to young people. Further, wastes from various industries are being dumped in landfills, which poses serious environmental problems. In order to ensure sustainability, both the issues mentioned above can be solved by utilizing industrial waste as aggregate replacement in the concrete construction industry. This research is done to find out the results using two substances viz., waste foundry sand (WFS) and coconut shell (CS) substitute for river sand and coarse aggregate. Many researchers have found the maximum benefits of substituted substances used in cement, which has material consistency. This current observation explores these strong waste properties of waste-infused concrete and cement, which experience shrinkage from drying out. The replacement levels for waste foundry sand were varied, between 10%, 20%, and 30%, and for CS, it was 10% and 20%. The experimental outcomes are evident for the strength, which increases by using WFS, whereas the strength decreases by increasing the CS level. The concrete that experiences shrinkage from drying out is included in the waste material, showing a higher magnitude of drying shrinkage than conventional concrete.
12 03 2021 7420 ma14237420 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.3390/ma14237420 https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7420 https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7420/pdf Khatib Capillarity of concrete incorporating waste foundry sand Constr. Build. Mater. 2013 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.013 47 867 Jayaprithika Stress-strain characteristics and flexuralbehaviour of reinforced Eco-friendly coconut shell con-crete Constr. Build. Mater. 2016 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.016 117 244 Kumar Characterization studyon coconut shell concrete with partial replacement of cement by GGBS J. Build. Eng. 2019 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100830 26 100830 Kanojia Performance of coconut shell as coarse aggregatein concrete Constr. Build. Materials. 2017 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.066 140 150 Siddique Utilization of waste foundry sand (WFS) in concrete manufacturing Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2011 10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.001 55 885 Gunasekaran Study for the relevance of coconut shell aggregateconcrete non-pressure pipe Ain Shams Eng. J. 2017 10.1016/j.asej.2016.02.011 8 523 Nithya Properties of concrete containing waste foundry sand for par-tial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci. 2017 24 162 Shahidan Suitability of Coconut Shell Concrete for Precast CoolWall Panel-A Review MATEC Web Conf. 2017 10.1051/matecconf/20178701005 87 01005 10.3390/ma14144039 Mysore, T.H.M., Patil, A.Y., Raju, G.U., Banapurmath, N.R., Bhovi, P.M., Afzal, A., Alamri, S., and Saleel, C. (2021). Investigation of Me-chanical and Physical Properties of Big Sheep Horn as an Alternative Biomaterial for Structural Applications. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14102639 Akhtar, M.N., Khan, M., Khan, S.A., Afzal, A., Subbiah, R., and Bakar, E.A. (2021). Determination of Non-Recrystallization Temperature for Niobium Microalloyed Steel. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14092452 Nagaraja, S., Nagegowda, K.U., Kumar, V.A., Alamri, S., Afzal, A., Thakur, D., Kaladgi, A.R., Panchal, S., and Saleel, C.A. (2021). Influ-ence of the Fly Ash Material Inoculants on the Tensile and Impact Characteristics of the Aluminum AA 5083/7.5SiC Compo-sites. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14112782 Sathish, T., Kaladgi, A.R.R., Mohanavel, V., Arul, K., Afzal, A., and Aabid, A. (2021). Experimental Investigation of the Friction Stir Weldability of AA8006 with Zirconia Particle Reinforcement and Optimized Process Parameters. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14112895 Sharath, B.N., Venkatesh, C.V., and Afzal, A. (2021). Multi Ceramic Particles Inclusion in the Aluminium Matrix and Wear Characteri-zation through Experimental and Response Surface-Artificial Neural Networks. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14133689 Sathish, T., Mohanavel, V., Ansari, K., Saravanan, R., Karthick, A., Afzal, A., Alamri, S., and Saleel, C.A. (2021). Synthesis and Charac-terization of Mechanical Properties and Wire Cut EDM Process Parameters Analysis in AZ61. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14154315 Meignanamoorthy, M., Ravichandran, M., Mohanavel, V., Afzal, A., Sathish, T., Alamri, S., Khan, S.A., and Saleel, C.A. (2021). Micro-structure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Boron Carbide Reinforced Aluminum Alloy (Al-Fe-Si-Zn-Cu) Matrix Composites Produced via Powder Metallurgy Route. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14164454 Kumbar, S.S., Jadhav, D.A., Jarali, C.S., Talange, D.B., Afzal, A., Khan, S.A., Asif, M., and Abdullah, M.Z. (2021). Enhancement in Ca-thodic Redox Reactions of Single-Chambered Microbial Fuel Cells with Castor Oil-Emitted Powder as Cathode Material. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14164470 Akhtar, M.N., Sathish, T., Mohanavel, V., Afzal, A., Arul, K., Ravichandran, M., Rahim, I.A., Alhady, S.S.N., Bakar, E.A., and Saleh, B. (2021). Optimization of Process Parameters in CNC Turning of Aluminum 7075 Alloy Using L27 Array-Based Taguchi Method. Materials, 14. Kaur Micro-structural and metal leachate analysis of concrete made with fungal treated waste foundry sand Constr. Build. Mater. 2013 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.112 38 94 Nithya Experimental investigation on impact of sand mining in coastal regions and potential reuse of silica sand as construction material Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci. 2016 45 885 Pennarasi Study for the relevance ofcoconut shell aggregate concrete paver blocks Mater. Today: Proc. 2019 14 368 Siddique Strength, durability, and micro-structural properties of concrete made with used-foundry sand (UFS) Constr. Build. Mater. 2011 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.065 25 1916 10.3390/sym13040537 Chandrashekar, A., Chaluvaraju, B.V., Afzal, A., Vinnik, D.A., Kaladgi, A.R., Alamri, S., C., A.S., and Tirth, V. (2021). Mechanical and Corrosion Studies of Friction Stir Welded Nano Al2O3 Reinforced Al-Mg Matrix Composites: RSM-ANN Modelling Ap-proach. Symmetry, 13. ASTM C 157 (2008). Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete, ASTM. ACI Committee 209 (2005). Report on factors affecting Shrinkage and creep of hardened concrete. Concr. Int., 21, 1–11. Etxeberria Properties of concrete using metallurgical industrial by-products as aggregates Constr. Build. Mater. 2010 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.034 24 1594 IS: 456-2000 (2000). Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete—Code of Practice.