Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview

Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview Ill‐Min Chung Department of Crop Science College of Sanghuh Life Science Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea Govindasamy Rajakumar Department of Crop Science College of Sanghuh Life Science Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea Umadevi Subramanian Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals Central University Laboratory Building Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Madhavaram Milk Colony Chennai Tamil Nadu India Baskar Venkidasamy Department of Biotechnology Bharathiar University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Venkatesan Gopiesh Khanna Department of Biotechnology Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Pallavaram Chennai Tamil Nadu India Muthu Thiruvengadam Department of Crop Science College of Sanghuh Life Science Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0986-5484 Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine metabolic disorder, occurring worldwide due to aging, advancement in lifestyle by modernization. T2DM is characterized by higher levels of glucose in the blood due to unresponsive secretion of pancreatic insulin and insulin activity or altogether. T2DM is regarded as a powerful genetic susceptible disease that leads to high risk with insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction. To manage and overcome type 2 diabetes, physical activity, diet strategies, and other therapeutic medications along with usage of antiglycemic agents are developed and attempted appropriately. In the present review, attention has been focused on the understanding of T2DM outcomes, complications with possible management strategies, and pathophysiology of T2DM. Further, a detailed note on antiglycemic agents in use and other possible drugs of choice was discussed in the light of current preventive strategies are presented in this review.
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