Performance and Cost Analysis of Two-Component TBM Primary Grout

Chapter 6 - This study presents an integrated approach combining Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) for the sustainable
construction of diaphragm walls (D-walls). Diaphragm walls are
widely used in deep excavation and underground construction, but
their construction involves high material consumption and energy
usage. The research focuses on optimizing material selection,
construction methodology, and cost parameters while minimizing
environmental impact. The role of supplementary cementitious
materials (SCMs), rheological properties, and pumpability of slurry
and concrete are also analyzed. Laboratory testing and cost
evaluation are carried out to validate the proposed approach. The
study aims to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and technically
efficient framework for diaphragm wall construction.