Biology, Damage potential and essential oil based management of pulse beetle

The preservation of stored pulses is a critical component of global food security, as legumes
serve as a primary source of protein for millions. Among the various post-harvest challenges,
the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., remains one of the most formidable pests in
storage environments. Known for its rapid life cycle and high reproductive potential, this insect
can cause devastating quantitative and qualitative losses in a remarkably short period.
In traditional storage conditions, infestation levels can reach as high as 50–60% within just six
months, with some bean varieties experiencing over 90% damage when stored in sacks. These
losses are not merely physical; infestation leads to a significant decrease in calorific value and
alterations in the biochemical properties of the grain. Initial presence of even a single pair of
adults can lead to the complete destruction of pulse grains within two to four months, depending
on the pulse variety and environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture.