The Microbiota- Gut- Brain Connection: A New Horizon in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Introduction: The microbiota- gut- brain axis (MGBA), a complex two- way connection between the gut microbiota and the
brain, has become a key regulator of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders and gut microbiota
dysbiosis are linked to these diseases. Changes in gut microbiota can lead to neurotransmitter imbalances, oxidative stress, and
neuroinflammation. Gut dysbiosis may contribute to the development of diseases such as depression, autism, schizophrenia,
bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, anxiety, and autism spectrum
disorders through immunological regulation, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter metabolism changes.
Method: This review systematically sourced articles related to microbiota gut brain axis, neurological disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders and clinical studies from major medical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.
Results: This review explores the molecular processes underlying MGBA interactions, including vagus nerve signaling, systemic
immunological responses, and metabolites produced by microorganisms. The discussion explores the potential of microbiometargeted treatments like fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics as effective treatment methods. The comprehension of the MGBA can revolutionize neurology and psychiatry, introducing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Multiple elements, including diet, metabolism, age, stress, and medications, shape the human gut microbiota, and intestinal
imbalances can lead to CNS diseases. The MGBA interacts with gut bacteria, and gut dysbiosis is associated with neurological
disorders.
Conclusions: The review demonstrates the correlation between gut microbiota and neurologically associated diseases, highlighting its importance in neurogenesis, mental development, emotions, and behaviors. MGBA, mediated by microbial metabolites, affects brain function and neuroinflammation. Interventions like fetal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics
can improve microbial balance, but more clinical research is needed.