Introduction to Cyber security

Cybersecurity is essential in today’s technology-driven world, protecting systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. This chapter explores the evolution of cybersecurity, from early threats like viruses to sophisticated attacks such as Advanced Persistent Threats
(APTs) and ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS). It also examines the expanding landscape with the rise of cloud computing, IoT, and mobile devices, increasing vulnerabilities and the attack surface. The chapter highlights the critical role of cybersecurity across sectors like healthcare, finance, critical infrastructure, and government, emphasizing the need for robust defences and proactive strategies. As cyber threats grow more complex, the adoption of advanced
technologies like AI and blockchain, along with strong regulatory frameworks and international cooperation, are crucial to ensuring a secure digital future