Overview Of Iot-Enabling Technologies And Protocols

This chapter presents an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on enabling technology,
protocols, and application concerns. The Internet of Things is enabled by the latest breakthroughs in RFID,
smart sensors, communication technologies, Internet protocols. The core assumption is that smart sensors
interact directly without human intervention to deliver a new class of applications. It describes about the
different IoT enabling technologies like wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, big data analytics,
communication protocols, embedded system. These technologies together enable development of IoT
applications. It describes a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of devices which communicate
through wireless channels and a WSN consists of distributed devices with sensors which are used to monitor
the environmental and physical conditions with some examples of WSNs used in IoT. It also describes Cloud
computing is a computing model in which applications and services are delivered over Internet. The resources
provisioned by cloud can be compute, networking or storage. Cloud allows the users to access resources
based on utility model. Along with this, the characteristics of the cloud computing, three basic service models
(Infrastructure-As-A-Service, Platform-As-A-Service, Software-As-A-Service) and four cloud deployment
models like public cloud, private cloud, community cloud, hybrid cloud are also explained. Additionally, it
covers big data analytics which involves collecting, processing, and analyzing large, diverse datasets. In big
data analytics the six step data analytics frameworks are summarized. In addition to these, it mentions
communication protocols that allow devices to exchange data over networks and explains about the
embedded systems which are specialized computer systems designed to perform specific tasks. Also explains
about the characteristics and three components of the embedded system. It also discusses IoT protocols for
data communication and connection models. It describes the key pillars of IoT protocols as being device,
connectivity, data, and analytics. It also outlines various types of IoT data protocols like AMQP, DDS, XMPP,
and WebSocket that establish end-to-end communication. Additionally, it covers IoT network protocols like
Bluetooth, LPWANs, ZigBee, Z-Wave and others that facilitate secured communication between IoT devices
over the internet. It also features the list of communication protocols that are suitable for Internet of things.
IoT Layered architecture protocols help to establish Communication between IoT Device (Node Device) and
Cloud based Server over the Internet. It helps to send commands to IoT Device and received data from an
IoT device over the Internet. It features from http to CoAP in four layer categorization i.e., link layer protocol
uses 802.3, 802.11, 802.16, etc, Network layer discuses about IPV4, IPV6, 6LoWPAN, Transport layer
protocol explains about TCP, UDP and finally application layer protocol describes the HTTP, CoAP, MQTT.
Finally, it elucidates the logical design of IoT i.e., IoT functional blocks that provide the system capabilities
for identifying, sensing, actuation, communication and management. The IoT communication models
discusses about request response model, publish subscribe model, push pull model and exclusive pair. In
addition to these it discusses about two different types of IoT communication API’s i.e., rest-based
communication API’s and web socket-based API’s.