Calotropis procera flower extract for the synthesis of double edged octahedral α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles via a greener approach: an insight into its structure property relationship for Escherichia coli

Calotropis procera flower extract for the synthesis of double edged octahedral α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles via a greener approach: an insight into its structure property relationship for Escherichia coli Karuvelan Murugan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar (SSN) College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India Department of Microbiology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1926-9890 Rajakannu Subashini Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar (SSN) College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India Udayadasan Sathiskumar Science & Humanities, Department of Chemistry, Chennai Institute of Technology (CIT), Chennai, India Greeshma Odukkathil Centre for Clean Environment, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India

Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is regarded as one of the most serious issues confronting humans worldwide.
Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is regarded as one of the most serious issues confronting humans worldwide. However, the antibacterial mechanism and process are time-consuming and inconclusive. To address this issue, iron oxide-based antibacterial agents were synthesized in a more environmentally friendly greener approach using an Indian traditional flower extract from the Calotropis procera plant, which contains several bioactive secondary metabolic moieties. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques confirm the formation of α-Fe 2 O 3 crystal packing in green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) from its crystal planes (012, 104, 110, 113, 024, 116, 018, 214, and 300). High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) was used to examine the morphology of α-Fe 2 O 3 NPs, which revealed a double layer edge-octahedral (DLE-Oh) shape with an average edge length of ∼4.0 nm, corresponding to surface area ∼55.42 nm 2 , and volume ∼221.70 nm 3 as calculated. The synthesized α-Fe 2 O 3 DLE-OH NPs have effective antibacterial activity against E. coli , with a high rate of inhibition observed. Furthermore, the various iron oxide hierarchal structures for E. coli membrane proteins were optimized using density functional theory. Molecular docking studies show that the lowest inhibition constant ( K i ) values, such as 33.40 and 2.24 μM for 2MEQ and 6ZHP membrane proteins, effectively inhibit bacterial replication.
2023 11584 11593 1 10.1039/rsc_crossmark_policy rsc.org true SSN College of Engineering https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011015 Lr. No. SSN CE PDF/2021 http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use 10.1039/D3NJ01044A 20230619111810 https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3NJ01044A http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/NJ/D3NJ01044A Chem. Soc. Rev. Wang 50 2021 10.1039/D0CS00461H 8669 Nanoscale Liu 8 2016 10.1039/C6NR04489A 16091 Chem. Soc. Rev. Hu 51 2022 10.1039/D2CS00236A 6126 ACS Nano Mitrgotri 9 7 2015 10.1021/acsnano.5b03569 6644 Micro Nanotechnol. Nayfeh 2018 519 Environ. Sci. Technol. Dunphy Guzmán 40 5 2006 10.1021/es0515708 1401 RSC Adv. Mustafa 10 2020 10.1039/D0RA01084G 19336 Chem. Soc. Rev. Sanchez 40 2011 753 Nanopart. Pharmacother. Chiari-Andréo 2019 146 ACS Nano Yetisen 10 3 2016 10.1021/acsnano.5b08176 3068 RSC Adv. Gahlawat 9 2019 10.1039/C8RA10483B 12967 Chem. Soc. Rev. Gilbertson 44 2015 10.1039/C4CS00445K 5777 Green Chem. Albrecht 8 2006 10.1039/b517131h 432 Nanoscale Das 5 2013 10162 Nanoscale Jeevanandam 14 2022 10.1039/D1NR08144F 2571 Nanoscale Adv. Spyridopoulou 3 2021 10.1039/D0NA00984A 2528 Environ. Sci.: Nano Shen 9 2022 3858 Mater. Adv. Kaur 1 2020 737 RSC Adv. Qazi 6 2016 10.1039/C6RA11695G 60286 Mater. Sci. Eng., C Khan 118 2021 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111432 111432 Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. Khan 33 2021 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102153 102153 J. Photochem. Photobiol., B Ahmad 205 2020 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111821 111821 Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. Khan 31 2020 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101814 101814 Appl Organometal Chem. Ullah 34 2020 10.1002/aoc.5298 2605 Sci. Rep. Long 13 2023 10.1038/s41598-022-26396-4 53 Sci Rep. Javed 12 2022 10.1038/s41598-022-22099-y 20371 Sci. Rep. Ibrahim 11 2021 10.1038/s41598-020-80805-0 770 Green Chem. Mohammadinejad 18 2016 10.1039/C5GC01403D 52 Green Chem. Iravani 13 2011 10.1039/c1gc15386b 2650 RSC Adv. Baranwal 6 2016 10.1039/C6RA23411A 106010 Nanoscale Das 5 2013 10162 Chem. Commun. Azharuddin 55 2019 10.1039/C9CC01741K 6996 RSC Adv. Singh 11 2021 24746 Langmuir Makarov 30 20 2014 10.1021/la5011924 5988 Green Process Synth. Devi 8 1 2019 45 J. King Saud Univ., Sci. Hammami 33 7 2021 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101560 101560 Chem. Mater. Shingte 34 24 2022 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00708 10810 Results Phys. Lassoued 7 2017 10.1016/j.rinp.2017.07.066 3015 Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology Bhardwaj 2018 229 A.Bhardwaj and K.Misra , Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology , Academic Press , 2018 , p. 229 Pharm. Sci. Res. Naser 10 4 2019 1994 Biotechnol. Rep. Yadav 30 2021 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00629 e00629 Afr. J. Tradit., Complementary Altern. Med. Sasidharan 8 1 2011 10 Mater. Sci. Eng., C Amini 103 2019 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109809 109809 J. Neurosurg. Farahmandjou 4 2014 418 J. Sci. Technol. Bozkurt 13 2 2020 897 J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. Dutta 48 2013 10.1080/10934529.2013.761489 878 Antioxid. Redox Signaling Franco 17 12 2012 10.1089/ars.2012.4553 1713 Oxid. Med. Cell. Longevity Nita 2016 2016 10.1155/2016/3164734 3164734 Int. J. Mol. Sci. Yuan 18 3 2017 10.3390/ijms18030569 569 Molecules Zhang 21 6 2016 10.3390/molecules21060731 731 Matrix Sci. Pharma. Wani 4 2 2020 10.4103/MTSP.MTSP_6_20 30 Turk. J. Chem. Erdogan 45 4 2021 10.3906/kim-2102-2 1096