Hordenine: Pharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacokinetic and analytical review of the literature

We planned to extensively evaluate the phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and analytical
effects of hordenine. Hordenine is a typical tertiary amine, i.e., N-dimethyltryptamine, which is a
principal alkaloid of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and belongs to the family, Poaceae. Synonyms were 4-
(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl) phenol, 4-[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl] phenol, and anhaline. The molecular
formula is C10H15NO. Its chemical structure is the same as stimulants which are in bitter orange. A
systematic review of literature search through PubMed, Pubchem, and ScienceDirect electronic databases
was conducted for relevant studies reported after 1956 on the effects of hordenine on gastrointestinal
disorders, acute lung injury, hyperprolactinemia diabetes, diabetes-related complications, weight loss, and
physical fitness, potential roles in skeletal muscle, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, chronic bacterial
infections, antinociceptive, antimicrobial activities, as a sensing inhibitor, beer marker, dopamine D2
receptor agonist, etc., and isolation. A summation of 88 studies was reviewed. There was sturdy evidence
for protecting against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury, analgesic potential,
hyperprolactinemia, a significant decrease of DRD2 (dopamine D2 receptor) expression level, FDA's
dietary supplement, the potential for controlling nosocomial pathogens, blend of hordenine and insulin
(In) outstandingly reduced fasting (f) and postprandial (pp) blood glucose level, a natural product upregulation
of in vitro translation, serves as a competitive inhibition on signal molecules, Excellent effect on skeletal
muscle health by the activation of , the 2-adrenergic receptor by increasing cAMP signaling acts as an
inhibitor of hyperpigmentation. Many studies were conducted on hordenine and have much scope to work
on other pharmacological activities like anticancer, hepatoprotective, wound healing, etc.