Current state and future prospects of microbiologically produced nanoparticles: A narrative review

Nanoparticles (NPs) are being used in the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology research involves manipulating materials at the nano-scale to create new structures and devices that are beneficial to humans. Owing to their unique characteristics, nanomaterials have revolutionized numerous sectors and sped up numerous scientific breakthroughs while remaining at the nanometer scale. Research in this area is flourishing and of great interest to scientists. The present review offers researchers a comprehensive introduction to nanotechnology, focusing on nanoparticle biosynthesis routes, factors influencing the synthesis process, characterization methods, and current applications. Microbial nanobiotechnology, is a fast-growing area of research that holds the potential to revolutionize diverse fields such as bioremediation, energy generation, healthcare, and agriculture. Biological manufacturing of nanoparticles is more feasible than chemical synthesis, which can be costly and result in harmful repercussions. Microbes, particularly bacteria, are among the best options for the efficient production of nanoparticles because of their rapid growth rate, ability to be manipulated through genetics to achieve optimum efficiency, and relative lack of both expense and toxicity. It specifically explores the microbe-mediated biological synthesis of nanoparticles. This article presents an updated understanding of how biological synthesis can support innovative nanotechnology applications.