Eco-friendly synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles using Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extracts: Evaluation of structural, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity

The current study presents an eco-friendly synthesis method to produces cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using leaf extract from Morinda citrifolia L. To study the synthesized CeO2 NPs, different methods of analysis were used, such as UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). With dynamic light scattering (DLS), the particle size distribution (PSD) of the synthesized CeO2 NPs was measured. The CeO2 NPs were spherical, highly stable, and possessed a particle size of 29.2 nm. In addition, the as-formed CeO2 NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus luteus, Micrococcus lylae, and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. While the antifungal activity of CeO2 NPs was examined, similar trends observed. The biocompatibility of cerium oxide nanoparticles, which suggests the potential for use in biomedical applications, has been tested using cell lines. The synthesized CeO2 NPs also shown notable anti-inflammatory activity, highlighting their potential for use in biomedical studies and applications.