Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Spirulina maxima extract and their bactericidal activity

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Spirulina maxima extract and their bactericidal activity R. Hanisha M. Balaganapathy B. Eswar P. Kathirvelan Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar Nadeem Siddiqui Yuvaraj Dinakarkumar http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7579-4157 Abstract

This study reports a biogenic synthesis protocol for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Spirulina maxima extract as a natural reducing agent, offering an economically viable and environmentally sustainable approach. The biosynthesis pathway eliminates conventional chemical reagents while maximizing process sustainability. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized nanostructures was performed using UV-spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed the role of proteinaceous compounds and biomolecules in AgNP formation and stabilization. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated notable antimicrobial efficacy against two pathogenic bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus , producing inhibition zones of 3.2 and 2.5 mm, respectively. This investigation establishes Spirulina maxima -mediated synthesis as an efficient and cost-effective route for producing antimicrobial silver nanostructures, advancing sustainable nanomaterial production methodologies.

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12 11 2024 203 1 10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy link.springer.com false 11 April 2024 6 November 2024 11 December 2024 The authors declare no known competing interest. King Saud University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002383 RSP2023R354 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.1007/s43994-024-00203-4 20241211110232629 https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s43994-024-00203-4 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43994-024-00203-4.pdf https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43994-024-00203-4.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43994-024-00203-4/fulltext.html Anal Chem K Gao 94 50 17634 2022 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04382 Gao K, Lian H, Xue C, Zhou J, Yan X (2022) High-throughput counting and sizing of therapeutic protein aggregates in the nanometer size range by nano-flow cytometry. 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