Design of 4X4 Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications

Millimeter waves (mmW) are currently seen as a crucial component of the 5G spectrum. High frequencies yield increased bandwidth, enabling the operation of exceptionally higher data rates, minimal latency, and ultra-high capacity. The deployment of mmW frequency spectrums for 5G technologies necessitates efficient designs for antenna arrays and antennas, essential components of contemporary communication technologies. The benefits of Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) encompass compact dimensions, flexible surfaces, simple fabrication, and interoperability with technology for integrated circuits. Multiple experiments have been conducted in recent decades to improve the performance of this antenna, which has been utilized extensively in both industrial and commercial sectors. This research proposes designing and implementing a 4x4 MPA for 5G mmW applications. The novelty of this research includes the design and implementation of a 4x4 microstrip patch antenna optimized for 5G mmW applications with effective gain, directivity, bandwidth, and overall efficiency. The rapid advancement of 5G technology has significantly elevated the demand for increased data speeds, extensive bandwidth, and improved network capacity. The mmW frequency spectrum, specifically within the 24 GHz to 40 GHz range, presents a viable alternative owing to its capacity for wide bandwidths and high-speed data transmission. Nevertheless, issues such as higher path loss and reduced penetration necessitate advanced antenna designs to enhance performance in 5G networks. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using the CST microwave studio tool and achieved 9.54 dB Gain, -26.71 dB S11, 10.13 dB directivity, 2.52 GHz bandwidth, 1.23 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and 86.82% efficiency. The proposed antenna model demonstrates a balanced performance across key parameters, providing a strong combination of gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency, making it competitive with existing models for 5G mmW applications.