Application of Biological Techniques in Mitigation of Radioactive Pollutant

This paper describes an assessment of the various biological techniques used to mitigate the artificial and man-made releases of radioactive material into the environment. An atomic nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, is the building block of matter. Alpha, beta, neutron, and gamma radiation can all be released during radioactive decay, which is caused by an unstable nucleus. Phytoremediation is a low-cost, non-invasive method for accumulating pollutants in plant roots and shoots. Mycoremediation uses fungi to break down pollutants, while biosorption, biomineralization, bioreduction, and bioaccumulation are used to decontaminate polluted uranium mine sites. Radionuclide-tolerant bacteria and their detoxification mechanisms were well explained by bioremediation techniques. Radioactive heavy metals and radionuclides are released through geological and anthropogenic activities and enter the environment through nuclear industrial effluent wastewater, soil, and sediment in the ground state. They emit from the soil to the surface of the environment and also affect human health on a genetic level. The main driver for such an evolution is the need to improve the sustainability of global energy systems, and nuclear pollutant mitigation techniques also have to be improved.