Hyperspectral Images for Crop Prediction using Machine and Deep Learning Models

Crop classification is essential for local and national governments to make informed agricultural decisions. Remote sensing technology has made it possible to employ high-resolution hyperspectral images (HSIs) for land cover classification for decades. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) are becoming more popular for HSI categorization due to advances in processing capacity and technology. HSIs can accurately identify crop types due to their narrow and continuous spectral band reflection. This study compares traditional machine learning (ML) models like Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) to deep learning (DL) models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for hyperspectral image classification (HSI). The HSI categorization was evaluated using performance criteria such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-Score. CNN achieved the highest accuracy of 96%, demonstrating that it is the most reliable solution for complex HSI classification tasks because it successfully captures spatial and spectral data.