Development and characterization of a sustainable plant-based protein powder from peanut meal and Moringa oleifera for human nutrition

This study addressed the need for nutrient-rich protein substitutes by creating a sustainable, plant-based protein powder from peanut meal and Moringa oleifera leaves. The formulation was optimized using the Lowry technique based on protein concentration, resulting in a 12:7:1 ratio of peanut meal, Moringa oleifera, and honey powder. GC-MS and FTIR analyses identified functional groups, bioactive substances, and essential proteins, supporting the nutritional and physiological benefits of the powder. Nutritional analysis revealed a low carbohydrate and high protein content, and solubility testing demonstrated good mixability. Antimicrobial tests showed moderate antifungal and strong antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity evaluation indicated negligible toxicity, while antioxidant assays showed significant radical scavenging capacity. These results suggest that the formulation is a sustainable, nutrient-dense, and viable protein supplement.