Chemical characterization and anticancer evaluation of Indian traditional rice Cultivars: Insights into their therapeutic potential

This study evaluates the phytochemical, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of three traditional rice varieties from Tamil Nadu, India: Thuyamalli, Kuruvikar, and Kudaivazhai. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 15 bioactive compounds, with 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester showing the highest intensity (32.11 %). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed functional groups like alcohols and alkanes in all varieties. Antioxidant activity measured through DPPH assay demonstrated Kudaivazhai rice's highest scavenging activity (EC50 = 220 μL), followed by Kuruvikar (EC50 = 192 μL) and Thuyamalli (EC50 = 170 μL). Molecular docking studies indicated strong interactions between rice-derived compounds and breast cancer proteins, with 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester achieving a docking score of −11.13 kcal/mol. These findings highlight the high phenolic content, flavonoid levels, and antioxidant activity of these rice varieties, supporting their potential as anticancer agents. This study emphasizes the therapeutic and nutritional value of traditional rice, advocating their conservation and dietary inclusion.