Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungi: Secondary Metabolites and Applications: Biodiversity and Bioactive Materials

Marine algae, including red, brown, and green algae, are a major group of organisms in the marine ecosystem. They play a crucial role in nutrient recycling, regulation, and stabilization of the ecosystem, making them an important area of study. Additionally, these algae have economic value and potential as a source of biofuels, further highlighting the need for research on these organisms and their endomycobiomes—the fungi that live within them. Endomycobiomes have the potential to enhance the growth and development of marine algae, aid in nutrient uptake and recycling, and improve the host’s defense against pathogens. However, there has been limited focus on these endophytic fungi, with most studies instead focusing on bacterial microbiomes. As a result, little is known about the biology, ecology, and biotechnological potential of fungal endophytes in seaweed microbiomes. Seaweeds are essential components of the marine ecosystem and hold significant commercial value in the global market. Fungal endophytes isolated from marine hosts are a rich source of secondary metabolites, enzymes, and bioactive compounds, making them a promising area of research. Given the significance of these organisms, it is crucial to expand our understanding of fungal endophytes in seaweeds. Further research in this area has the potential to uncover valuable insights and applications, making it a worthwhile area to explore.