A facile synthesis of green gold nanoparticles from fruit waste peels and their bioactivity evaluation against HT-29 colon cancer cell lines

In this work, we report an eco-friendly green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNP) from HAuCl4.3H2O using combined fruit peel (BOPA) extract waste as bioreductant. The synthesized Au nanoparticles coordination environment was observed an intensive peak at 525 nm with UV–Visible spectroscopy. The XRD showed highly ordered fcc structure. The FTIR showed presence of functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization of Au3+ to Au0 species. TEM analysis showed the presence of irregular spherical like shaped Au NPs distributed in sizes between 25 and 45 nm. Importantly, the biogenic gold nanoparticles showed considerable cytotoxicity towards HT-29 colon cancer cells, indicating a dose-dependent inhibition and possible pathways for inducing apoptosis. This research emphasizes the dual benefits of utilizing waste materials and advancing nanomedicine, setting the stage for sustainable cancer treatment options. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against E.Coli and S.typhi. Conclusively, the extract of BOPA (Banana, Orange, Pomogranate, Apple) rapidly reduces Au3+ to Au0 and improves amalgamation of GNP with inhibiting property against abnormal cell growth and antibacterial activity. The bio-synthesized AuNPs demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than chemically synthesized counterparts, suggesting enhanced biocompatibility and efficacy. This green synthesis approach provides a sustainable and cost-effective method for nanoparticle production, with promising implications in cancer therapeutics.