Regional Disparities in the Impact of the Green Revolution: A Comparative Study of Northern and Southern States of India

The Green Revolution, initiated in the 1960s, transformed India from a food-deficient to a self-sufficient nation through the introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs), chemical fertilizers, and advanced irrigation systems. However, the diffusion of its benefits was not uniform across regions. This study examines the regional disparities in the impact of the Green Revolution by comparing the Northern states (Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh) with the Southern states (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh). Using secondary data from agricultural census reports, government statistics, and research studies, the analysis highlights differences in agricultural productivity, input use, rural income, and infrastructure development. The findings reveal that the Northern region experienced higher productivity gains, rapid mechanization, and better irrigation infrastructure, while the Southern region lagged behind due to limited irrigation coverage and initial policy focus on wheat cultivation. The study suggests that equitable policy measures, region-specific technological interventions, and sustainable agricultural diversification are essential to bridge these regional gaps and promote balanced rural development.