Realism and Narrative Minimalism in Mullum Malarum A Qualitative Study of J. Mahendrans Realistic Filmmaking Approach

The 1978 Tamil film Mullum Malarum, directed by J. Mahendran, marked a significant shift in Tamil
cinema by introducing a realistic narrative style that challenged the dominant melodramatic conventions
of the period. This study examines the film's realism and narrative minimalism through a qualitative textual
analysis of selected scenes, sequences, and mise-en-scène. Drawing upon realist film theory and auteur
criticism, the research investigates how Mahendran constructs authentic representations of rural life,
human emotions, and social relationships. The study focuses on characterization, visual storytelling,
dialogue patterns, and cinematic space to understand the director's realistic filmmaking approach. Findings
reveal that the film employs natural performances, location-based shooting, minimal dialogue, and visually
driven storytelling to create emotional depth and authenticity. The narrative avoids conventional heroism
and dramatic excess, presenting characters with psychological complexity and moral ambiguity. The
research argues that Mullum Malarum played a transformative role in redefining Tamil cinematic
aesthetics and influenced subsequent generations of filmmakers. By examining the film's narrative
structure and visual language, the study contributes to the understanding of realism as a significant artistic
movement in Tamil cinema and highlights Mahendran's enduring contribution to Indian film culture