Dipotassium Tartrate Hemihydrate Single Crystals: XRD, Optical, Electrical Transport and SHG Investigations

Single crystals of dipotassium tartrate hemihydrate (DPTH) [K2C4H4O6 ‧ 0.5H2O] were grown by the slow evaporation
solution technique at room temperature. According to previously reported single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) data,
DPTH crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a non-centrosymmetric space group I2. The obtained crystalline DPTH
was subjected to vibrational, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), photoluminescence (PL),
and dielectric analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectral analysis
revealed that the molecular structure contains the dipotassium cation along with L-tartrate anions. The presence of a molecu
lar environment with hydrogen and carbon in the molecule was represented by the proton and carbon NMR spectrum. The
transparency of the entire visible region was shown by the UV–Vis spectra, and 327.94 nm was determined to be the lowest
cutoff wavelength. The electrical transport behavior of DPTH was investigated through frequency-dependent dielectric con
stant and dielectric loss studies, providing insight into the polarization mechanisms, charge displacement, and alternating
current (AC) conduction behavior within the crystal lattice. The observed low dielectric loss at higher frequencies suggests
minimal energy dissipation, which is favorable for optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) device applications. The
second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the DPTH crystal was about 0.66 of the standard potassium dihydrogen
phosphite (KDP), indicating its potential for NLO applications. Crystal Explorer software was utilized to compute both the
two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plot and the Hirshfeld surface, offering valuable insights into the overall packing features
of the produced DPTH crystal.
Keywords FT-IR · FT-Raman · optical transparency · photoluminescence · Hirshfeld