Quantifying Physical Strain and Posture Risks in Formwork Labourers through Ergonomic Analysis

In the construction industry, formwork laborers frequently engage in physically demanding tasks, placing them at high risk of musculoskeletal problems. Repetitive handling of heavy formworks and working in uncomfortable postures further elevate this risk. This study evaluates the postural hazards and physical strain of formwork labourers using standardized ergonomic tools such as REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), and the RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) scale.The research analyzed the duties of 42 labourers performing activities such as carrying, lifting, and positioning form panels. Results showed that 72% of workers fell into high to extremely high-risk categories based on REBA scores, indicating an urgent need for ergonomic interventions. RULA analysis revealed that 68% of upper limb postures were in the medium to high-risk category, suggesting long-term susceptibility to musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in shoulders, elbows, and wrists. The average RPE score was 14, reflecting ―rather hard‖ workload. The main contributors to increased physical strain were heavy manual lifting and prolonged bent postures during shuttering works. Recommended interventions include mechanical aids for lifting, workstation redesign to reduce stooping, and training programs to correct posture. Overall, the study highlights the urgent need for ergonomic redesign in construction to protect formwork labourers’ health and ensure a safer working environment.