Digital Twin and Blockchain Integration for Smart Hospital Infrastructures Towards Personalized and Predictive Medicine

Digital Twin (DT) technology advances healthcare by employing real-time, datadriven virtual models of physical systems for individualized care, predictive diagnostics, and system management. DTs enhance patient outcomes, hospital efficiency, and drug research speed through applications in remote monitoring, pre-operative planning, and treatment simulation. Despite these benefits, widespread adoption is
hindered by cybersecurity threats, data privacy risks, integration difficulties, high deployment costs, and opaque AI decision-making. Additionally, the absence of
standardized regulations remains a critical barrier. Future progress depends on developing cost-effective AI solutions, utilizing blockchain for data security, and establishing clear regulatory frameworks. By resolving these technical and operational hurdles, DTs can transform healthcare into a predictive, personalized system