Recent Advances in Nano‐Biomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

Recent Advances in Nano‐Biomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications Manogar Priya Department of Chemistry School of Basic Sciences Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Chennai Tamil Nadu India Raja Venkatesan Department of Biomaterials Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS Saveetha University Chennai India School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Republic of Korea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-7477 Seong‐Cheol Kim School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Republic of Korea ABSTRACT

Nano‐biomaterials are a rapidly evolving class of technologies that combine nanoscale engineering with inherent biological compatibility. This review offers a comprehensive examination of green synthesis, evolving categories, and expanding biomedical applications. Particular attention is made on ecologically friendly manufacturing processes that employ plant extracts, microorganisms, and biopolymers as long‐term reducing and stabilizing agents, allowing nanoparticles to be produced with regulated morphology and specific functionality. Synthetic techniques are evaluated critically in terms of pH, temperature, and precursor concentration to determine their impact on nucleation, growth behavior, and overall particle architecture. Characterization techniques, including as FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, TEM, SEM, and DLS, are reviewed in terms of determining physicochemical, structural, and surface‐related properties required for biomedical performance. The review delves deeper into significant application categories, covering advancements in drug delivery, antimicrobial methods, wound healing, cancer therapies, biosensing systems, and tissue‐engineering scaffolds. Current issues in cytotoxicity, biodegradation processes, standardization, and regulatory limitations are investigated to identify hurdles and potential for future clinical translation. Overall, this article aims to be an authoritative resource for scholars in chemical sciences, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and biomedical engineering by providing an integrative perspective on the design principles and translational potential of nano‐biomaterials.
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