Phytochemical Profiling and Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Allium sativum

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant known for its
diverse therapeutic properties and long history in traditional
medicine. Its biological activities are mainly attributed to bioactive
phytochemicals, particularly organosulfur compounds such as
Allicin, Ajoene, and Diallyl disulfide. These compounds exhibit
antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and
cardioprotective effects. Phytochemical profiling plays a crucial role
in identifying these active constituents using techniques such as
solvent extraction, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC), and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
Recent studies highlight the potential of garlic-derived compounds in
managing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders,
infections, and cancer. Their incorporation into pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals, and functional foods further emphasizes their
importance. This review focuses on garlic’s phytochemical
composition, analytical techniques, and therapeutic applications,