PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM ALLIUM SATIVUM

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant known for its
diverse therapeutic properties and long history in traditional medicine. Its
biological activities are mainly attributed to bioactive phytochemicals,
particularly organosulfur compounds such as Allicin, Ajoene, and Diallyl
disulfide. These compounds exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Phytochemical
profiling plays a crucial role in identifying these active constituents using
techniques such as solvent extraction, High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
(GC-MS). Recent studies highlight the potential of garlic-derived
compounds in managing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular
disorders, infections, and cancer. Their incorporation into
pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods further emphasizes
their importance. This review focuses on garlic’s phytochemical
composition, analytical techniques, and therapeutic applications,
supporting its role as a valuable source for developing natural medicines
in modern healthcare.