Performance and Cost Analysis of Two Component TBM Primary Grout

This study presents an integrated approach combining Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) for the sustainable
construction of diaphragm walls (D-walls). Diaphragm walls are widely
used in deep excavation and underground construction, but their
construction involves high material consumption and energy usage. The
research focuses on optimizing material selection, construction
methodology, and cost parameters while minimizing environmental impact.
The role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), rheological
properties, and pumpability of slurry and concrete are also analyzed.
Laboratory testing and cost evaluation are carried out to validate the
proposed approach. The study aims to provide a sustainable, cost-effective,
and technically efficient framework for diaphragm wall construction.

Keywords: LCC; LCA; D-Walls; Life Cycle Costing; Life Cycle Assesment