Greenhouse Environment Monitoring using ESP-32

With increasing focus on sustainable agriculture, the incorporation of cutting-edge
technology into greenhouse systems has become indispensable for maximizing the growth
of crops under controlled environmental conditions. A Digital Twin-based Greenhouse
Monitoring System is outlined in this paper that is specifically intended to achieve real-time
monitoring and automation of vital environmental factors like temperature, humidity, moisture
content in soil, and intensity of light. The system includes an ESP32-based network of
sensors that harvest and send data to a local web server, making remote monitoring and
control possible. There is also a 3D Unity model acting as a digital twin, which is a visual
representation of the greenhouse environment but also has real-time actuator control, such
as LEDs, fan motors, and water pumps. The system guarantees that when there is a reading
above or below set threshold levels from sensors, actuators are autonomously activated to
provide the best possible environment for plant growth. This synchronization of physical and
virtual elements in real-time maximizes decision-making and efficiency in resource usage.
The suggested system is low-cost, scalable, and highly accurate in monitoring
environmental conditions, guaranteeing a stable controlled environment for plants. The
findings show the real-world potential of IoT and digital twin technology in contemporary
agriculture, illustrating substantial gains in efficiency, sustainability, and resource
optimization.