EVALUATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GROUNDWATER IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

This study investigates the hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater in Cuddalore
district. Groundwater samples were collected from sixty-two locations and analyzed for
various physico-chemical parameters, including color, odor, pH, electrical conductivity,
and total dissolved solids (TDS). Additionally, total hardness, calcium and magnesium
hardness, potassium, and sulphate concentrations were determined. Ionic ratios, such as
sodium to chloride, chloride to bicarbonate, and calcium to magnesium, were evaluated
to assess the extent of saline water mixing with groundwater. Results indicate that most
parameters exceed the permissible limits prescribed by APHA, with ionic distribution
patterns revealing considerable spatial variability in groundwater quality. These
variations suggest that the water is increasingly unsuitable for direct consumption.
Hydro-chemical trends reflect ongoing changes driven by both natural processes and
anthropogenic activities. The study provides essential baseline data for sustainable
groundwater management and underscores the need for regular monitoring and
treatment to ensure safe and potable water.
Keywords: TDS, Physico-chemical parameters, Hydro-chemical trends.