ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INVOLVES THE EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GROUNDWATER

Groundwater is a vital freshwater source, supplying drinking water to
nearly half the global population and supporting agriculture and industry.
Despite subsurface filtration, its quality is influenced by geology,
hydrochemistry, and human activities. This chapter covers groundwater
quality concepts, controlling factors, contaminants, assessment
techniques, standards, and management strategies. It concludes with
emerging issues and protection measures. Key to understanding
sustainability. Groundwater management is crucial for ecosystems and
humans. Quality impacts health and livelihoods. Effective strategies ensure
its preservation. A critical resource needs careful management.
Keywords: Groundwater quality, hydrogeochemistry, contamination,
aquifer, water quality standards, groundwater management.