Dual Action in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review on the Synergistic Role of Melatonin and Metformin Combination Therapy in Glycemic control and Metabolic

The management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) involves a multifaceted approach that
typically includes lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Among the emerging
therapeutic strategies, the combination of melatonin and metformin has garnered attention due to
their potential synergistic effects in glucose control and metabolic regulation. Melatonin, a pineal
gland-derived hormone, is known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms but has also
demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recent studies suggest melatonin’s
potential to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels, making it a promising
adjunct to traditional diabetes therapies. On the other hand, metformin, the first-line
pharmacotherapy for T2DM, works by enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing hepatic glucose
production, and improving peripheral glucose uptake